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Parkinson’s disease

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Parkinson's disease

Parkinson’s disease is a long-term degeneration disorder of central nervous system affecting motor system.

The condition was named after an English doctor named James Parkinson.

Symptoms of Parkinson’s disease

The following are the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease:-

  • Tremor
  • Muscle rigidity
  • Bradykinesia:- Slownesss of movement
  • Difficulty in walking
  • Postural instability
  • Thinking and behavioural problems

A person suffering from Parkinson’s disease may later developed dementia. The person may also suffer from anxiety and social phobia.

Causes

The exact cause for the condition is not known. But some theories state that exposure to pesticides mein increase the risk of parkinsonism. Along with that brain trauma may also increases the chances for having Parkinson’s disease.

Management of Parkinson’s disease

According to the Ayurveda, Parkinson’s disease is caused by the aggravation of Vata dosha.

So treatments that can alleviate Vata dosha can be done. The following treatments can be done in case of Parkinson’s disease:-

  • Udwarthanam:- rubbing of medicated powder over the body
  • Abhyangam:- massaging of body with oil
  • Svedanam:- sudation therapy
  • Thalam:- application of medicated paste on the head
  • Shirodhara:- pouring of medicated liquids over the head
  • Shirovasti:- structure is made around the head and oil is made to stand in the structure.
  • Nasyam:- pouring of medicated liquids inside nose
  • Basti:- enema therapy

It is the physician who chooses the treatment and he may include other treatments too in order to get more results.

Along with the treatments the patient should be given mental support.

Yoni Kshalanam

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Yoni kshalanam

In simple words, this procedure can be compared to “Vaginal Douche”. Yes, in this procedure the irrigation of vagina or the rinsing of vagina is done.

HOW YONI KSHALANAM IS DONE?

Medicated decoctions are used for this procedure. Before the procedure, the instruments etc. are made sterile. The entire procedure is done in the most hygienic conditions. Then the person is made to lie in lithotomy position. The douche is done with utmost care. After the douche is done, the person is asked to lie comfortably for specified time.

INDICATIONS

Yoni Kshalanam can be done in cases like:-

  • Infections
  • Cervicitis
  • Trichomioniasis
  • Cervical erosions etc.

The person should follow all the instructions given by the physician strictly.

Uro Vasthi

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Uro vasthi

Uro Vasthi comes under External Vasthi. Uro Basthi is done on the chest region.

HOW URO VASTHI IS DONE?

In this procedure, the person is asked to lie in supine position. A well-like structure or a frame is made and fixed on the chest region. While fixing it should be made sure that it should be leak-proof. After this warm medicated oil is poured into it and is held there for a specified time. The temperature of the medicated oil is kept constant by making the oil warm. After the procedure, the oil is removed and the person can bath in luke-warm water after 15 minutes of relaxation.

INDICATIONS

The Uro Vasthi is indicated in the following conditions:-

  • Hiccups
  • Injuries in the chest region
  • Costochondritis
  • In certain types of cough etc.

The person should not shake or move during the procedure. He/she should follow the instructions of the physician strictly.

Udwarthanam

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Udwarthanam

Udwarthanam comes under Rukshana type of treatments. This is usually done before the Panchakarmas.

HOW UDWARTHANAM IS DONE?

In Udwarthanam, medicated powders or pastes are used to massage on the body. The pressure of the massage is adjusted to make the procedure comfortable. The massage is done in the opposite direction of the body hair or Pratiloma direction. The time period of the treatment is decided by the physician.

Face and head are avoided. Care is taken to avoid the medicine from falling in the eyes, ears and nose. While consulting the physician the person should inform the physician whether the person is suffering from any type of allergies, especially dust allergy.

After the period of rest the person can bath in luke warm water.

BENEFITS OF UDWARTHANAM

By undergoing Udwarthanam the following benefits are there:-

  • Acts as a passive exercise.
  • Good for skin
  • Makes the body light
  • Helps in removing bad odours
  • Helps in improving the activities of the muscles
  • Makes the body more flexible

Ayurveda advises to practice Udwarthanam as a daily regimen. But it can also be used to treat many conditions.

INDICATIONS

The Udwarthanam is indicated in the conditions like:-

  • Diseases caused by the Kapha Dosha
  • Obesity
  • Diabetes
  • Wasting of muscles
  • Motor neuron diseases
  • Neuropathies
  • Vascular diseases, mainly that are peripheral

CONTRA-INDICATIONS

The persons with the following conditions should not undergo the procedure:-

  • Diseases caused by the Pitta Dosha
  • Inflammatory conditions
  • Wounds and injuries
  • Deep vein thrombosis
  • In children and old aged etc.

The person should follow the instructions given by the physician. If he/she finds any discomfort, especially skin irritation, allergy or intolerable pressure, the person should inform the physician.

Panchakarma

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Panchakarma

The word “Panchakarma” is so commonly heard word along with Ayurveda. But a majority thinks that Panchakarma is all about that special oil massage. So what is Panchakarma in real?

“Pancha” means five and “Karma” means procedure/actions. The word itself shows that it includes 5 procedures. These five procedures are designed for the internal purification of the body. Panchakarmas when performed in the correct way helps our body system to attain homeostasis and to repair and rejuvenate rapidly. Administration of medicines after performing the Panchakarmas will help facilitating the action of the medicines in the body.

Apart from treating a disease, the Panchakarmas are used as pre-operative procedure, before rejuvenation therapy etc.

WHAT ARE THE PANCHAKARMAS?

  • Vamana
  • Virechana
  • Niruha Basti
  • Anuvasana Basti
  • Nasya

There are some pre-operative and post-operative procedures for Panchakarmas.

The Pre-operative procedures or Purvakarma include Dipana, Pachana, Snehana and Svedana.

The Post-operative procedures or Paschatkarma include Samsarjana Krama, Rasayanadi Karma and Samana Prayoga.

Let us have a look on these.

PURVAKARMAS/ PRE-OPERATIVE PROCEDURES

As we have discussed earlier, the main cause of a disease is the disturbed equilibrium of Doshas/ humors (Vata, Pitta, Kapha). So elimination of the vitiated dosha is done with the Panchakarma. Before doing this, our body should be prepared by the following porocedures:-

  • Dipana
  • Pachana
  • Snehana
  • Svedana

Dipana and Pachana:- By this process the digestion is enhanced. Internal medicines are given to the person that will enhance digestion.

Snehana:- Internal and external oleation. Through this procedure the body becomes moist, soft, oily and is liquefied. According to the disease and the condition of body the procedure is decided.

Internal oleation is the administration of oils or fats internally.

External oleation is the external application of oils or fats externally. These include Abhyanga ( Massage therapy) etc.

Snehana can also be done as the main procedure to cure specific diseases or for the nourishment of the body.

Svedana:- The sudation therapy. By this procedure the vitiated doshas are driven from the extremities or other parts of the body to the Koshta or to the digestive tract.

In this procedure the body is made to sweat or perspire. This helps to relieve stiffness and heaviness.

Svedana is the prime modality treatment for various disorders.

It includes various procedures like Kizhi, Dhara etc.

PRADHANA KARMA/ PANCHAKARMAS

Vamana:- Emesis therapy. This helps in the elimination of vitiated Kapha Dosha. The individual, after proper analysis, is administered with the emetic drugs at proper time.

Virechana:- Purgation therapy. This helps in the elimination of the vitiated Pitta Dosha. Here too, the procedure and the selection of drugs are done after thorough analysis.

Niruha Basthi:- Also known as Kashaya Basthi. Mainly different forms of Kashayas or decoctions are administered as enemas. But it is not merely an enema. It is a systemic therapy having a wide range of therapeutic effects. This helps in the elimination of the vitiated Vata Dosha.

Anuvasana Basthi:- Even though simple, when compared to Niruha Basthi, it is an important treatment. This is widely used in the treatment of the Vata related diseases.

Nasya:-  Errhine  therapy. Here the medicines are administered through the nose. This is usually done to eliminate doshas from sinus, throat, nose or head. Nasya is really effective in the treatment of various CNS disorders, facial palsy etc.

All the above mentioned Panchakarmas are not only curative but are also used as rejuvenative and preventive measures.

POST-OPERATIVE PROCEDURES/ PASCHAT KARMA

After the purification therapies, the digestion and body itself becomes weak. The post-operative procedures help to regain the strength and digestion. This includes planned diet and restricted activities along with internal medicines.

After the consultation of a physician, an individual can undergo Panchakarma. Physician is the one to decide whether the person is eligible to undergo Panchakarma. For better results, the person should obey the Physician’s directions.

Ayurveda

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Ayurveda

WHAT IS AYURVEDA?

“A traditional system of medicine, originated India, which uses herbs etc. as medicines and also includes massage etc”.

This is the general perception about Ayurveda. But does that give a clear picture?

The word Ayurveda literally means “The Science of Life”. The word originated from two Sanskrit words “Ayus” and “Veda”. Ayus means Life and Veda meaning attaining knowledge.

 It is not only a system of medicine but also a sacred precept that guide us through every aspect of life.

ORIGIN

The exact time period of the origin of life in this universe is unknown. But it’s sure that the primitive men might have developed some natural methods to cure their ailments. The evolution of most sciences might be from these methods.

The exact origin of Ayurveda is not known. There are no recorded evidences to trace back exact time period of its origin.

Veda, are ancient Indian literature, written in the Iron Age. The medical knowledge of that era is recorded in a scattered manner in the Vedas. Ayurveda is the Upaveda or a part of the Atharva Veda, one of the four Vedas.

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF AYURVEDA

According to Ayurveda, our body is composed of 5 elements or Panchamahabhutas:-

  • Akasa – Ether or free space
  • Vayu – Air
  • Agni – Fire
  • Jala – Water
  • Prithvi – Earth

The English terms given above do not convey full and exact implication of the corresponding Sanskrit terms. But for a common man to understand we can correlate those terms.

The human body made of Panchamahabhutas is controlled by 3 humors or Tridoshas:-

  • Vata
  • Pitta
  • Kapha

According to Ayurveda the equilibrium of these 3 factors results in health and any imbalances will result in disease.

BRANCHES OF AYURVEDA

The division of the Ayurveda itself shows, even before five thousand years, how seriously it deals various topics. The eight branches of Ayurveda are:-

  • Kaya Chikitsa – General Medicine.
  • Bala Chikitsa – Paediatrics
  • Bhutavidya – Psychiatry and mental well being
  • Urdhwangachikitsa/Shalakyatantra – Treatment of neck and head related diseases
  • Shalyatantra – Surgery
  • Rasayana Chikitsa – Rejuvenation therapy
  • Vajeekarana Chikitsa – Science of Aphrodisiacs
  • Agadatantra – Toxicology

WHAT DOES AYURVEDA TEACH US?

Life is a combination of the body, organs (mainly sense organs), mind and soul. To have a perfect life we should have this perfect combination.

Ayurveda helps us to understand the mysterious physical and mental factors of our life. It not only teaches us to cure diseases but also helps to prevent them and guide us how to stay healthy.

हिताहितं सुखं दुखमायुस्तस्य हिताहितं  │

मानं च तच्च यत्रोक्तमायुर्वेद स उच्यते     ││

(Caraka Samhitha: Sutra Sthana: Chapter 1: Verse 41)

One of the greatest treatises in Ayurveda, Caraka Samhitha’s definition shows the relevance and the importance of Ayurveda. The Samhitha defines Ayurveda as the science where the:-

  • Hitha (advantageous) and Ahitha (disadvantageous)
  • Sukha (happiness) and Dukha (Unhappiness)
  • Hithayu (good life) and Ahithayu (bad life)

along with their measures and life itself are described.

The elaborate description about the regimens to be followed daily and seasonally makes this science unique. Along with that it helps us to understand the norms towards well being. The one who follows the above said can attain health and happiness.

Treatment for Neurological Disability

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Treatment for neurological disability

Any disorder of nervous system can be considered as neurological disability. The disorders of nervous system can be:-

  • Structural
  • Biochemical
  • Electrical

If any of the above said abnormalities are present in brain, spinal cord or other nerves the following symptoms may appear:-

  • Paralysis
  • Muscle weakness
  • Poor coordination
  • Loss of sensation
  • Seizures
  • Confusion
  • Altered level of consciousness etc.

The causes of these abnormalities is maybe:-

  • Genetic
  • Congenital abnormalities or disorders
  • Infection
  • Lifestyle
  • Malnutrition
  • Brain or spinal or nerve injury
  • Metal poisoning
  • Autoimmune disorders
  • Cerebrovascular disorders

Even though there are many types of disorders, they can be broadly classified into two:-

  1. Central nervous system disorders
  2. Peripheral nervous system disorders

Some examples for nervous disability are epilepsy, parkinsonism, and migraine.

The treatment of nervous disability in Ayurveda

Many of the nervous disabilities comes under the topic Vata Rogas. Vata is the factor that helps in the proper functioning of nervous system.

Even though these disorders come under Vata Rogas, in most of the conditions other doshas may be also present. Therefore before treating, the physician will perform a thorough examination and assess the vitiated doshas.

After the assessment the physician decides the mode of treatment to be done. As we have discussed in many contexts, he or she will choose between the Shamana and Shodhana therapies.

The choice of treatment will vary from the condition of the patient, the condition of the disorder and the Yukti of the physician.

He or she may also advise the patient to follow certain lifestyle and diet, after the treatment, in order to improve the condition of the patient.

Revitalization and strengthening treatment for cancer patients ( not cure)

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Treatment for cancer patients

Cancer has become a common condition that doesn’t require any introduction. There are effective treatments in modern medicine that can cure and manage this disease.

After the treatments like chemotherapy and radiation the immunity and overall health of the person may decline.

The ultimate goal of Ayurveda is swastasya swaastya samrakshanam and athurasya vikara prasamanam. i.e Maintenance of health of the healthy and curing of the sick. In Ayurveda maintenance of health is possible for those who are suffering from cancer. One of the best method is rasayana chikitsa ( rejuvenation therapy).

The rasayana chikitsa not only improves the health and quality of life, but also helps in decreasing the side effects of treatments taken. Before administering rasayana chikitsa a thorough assessment is done by the physician regarding: 

  • Body type of patient
  • Vitiated Dosha
  • Chronicity of disease

The medications used in rejuvenation therapy helps in increasing the immunity and longevity of life. The vitiated doshas are balanced and that in turn helps in strengthening the body.

The physician may also provide dietary advices that can help the patient to maintain his health and functioning of the body.

Yoga and meditation can help in regaining mental health of patients facing anxiety and depression in the course of prolonged treatment.

Treatment for Arthritis and Spondylosis

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Treatment for arthritis and spondylosis

Arthritis

Arthritis includes any disorder that affects joints. The common symptoms include joint pain and stiffness.In more severe cases redness, decreased range of motion and swelling can be seen. The onset can be gradual or sudden.

Arthritis comes under Rheumatology and more than hundred conditions come under this topic.

Even though the condition is common among the population, can affect a person’s quality of life. Disability, loss of sleep and depression are seen commonly in a person who is affected by arthritis. This can make the person less active and he may withdraw himself from social life.

Spondylosis

The degeneration of spinal discs result in spondylosis. Age is a common factor that can cause spondylosis.

In severe cases the degeneration of spinal disc may results in the decrease of the gap between vertebrae which in turn causes the compression of spinal cord or the nerve root and decrease in blood flow. Therefore the compression may result in muscle weakness, pain and paraesthesia.

The common causes that result in Spondylosis are:-

  • Constant abnormal pressure on vertebral column
  • Stress due to sports
  • Trauma
  • Poor posture
  • Weight gaining

Even though the condition can affect a person at any age, as the age progresses the chances are high.

Treatment of Arthritis and Spondylosis in Ayurveda

Both conditions comes under Vata Rogas. Therefore the treatment modalities used here are of Vata Rogas. As discussed earlier, chikitsa or treatment are of two types, Shodhana and Shamana.

It is according to the condition and eligibility of the patient the treatment modality is selected.

The physician analyses the condition of the patient and decides the type of treatment to be given to the him or her.

Treatment For Slipped Disc

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Treatment for slipped disc

Slipped disc is a common condition. But many do not know what it is. So let me give an idea.

DISC

The exact name is Intervertebral Disc. From the name itself it is clear that the structure is “Disc-shaped”. It is located in between the adjacent vertebrae in the vertebral column. This is a structure formed by the fibre and cartilage. The Intervertebral Disc helps to form the joint between the vertebrae and holds the vertebrae together forming the vertebral column. It also helps in the shock absorption.

The disc has an outer layer made of fibrocartilage and an inner gel like structure.

One of the main problems that come in association with the structure is herniation. This is what we call as “Slipped Disc” in common usage.

THE SLIPPED DISC OR THE SPINAL DISC HERNIATION

So what happens in The Spinal Disc Herniation? In this condition the inner gel like layer protrudes out of the outer fibrocartilage layer through a tear.

What causes this tear? The causes of the tear which results in spinal disc herniation may be:-

  • Age related degeneration
  • Trauma
  • Injuries caused by the lifting of heavy weights
  • Strain

The tear results in the reactions that in turn cause the inflammatory changes. This is the reason why we experience pain. But some may not have pain. According to the location, the area of pain and other symptoms may vary. Weaknesses of the muscles, tingling, numbness etc are also seen. Referred pains often make the diagnosis delayed. In some cases the person may experience urinary incontinence.

Another condition is Sciatica. The herniation of the disc in the lumbar region is the major cause. This puts pressure on the Sciatic nerve. The person usually experiences a pain radiating from the lower back to the leg.

THE MANAGEMENT AND THE TREATMENT

Among the Panchakarmas, Virechanam and Basthis are the most beneficial treatments for this condition. Along with this:-

    • Abhyangam:- Massaging of the body with medicated oils.
    • Lepanam:- Apllication of the medicated paste over the affected area.
    • Bandhanam:- Special bandaging of the area.
    • Pichu:- The affected area is covered with a cotton pad soaked in medicated oils.
    • Kati Vasthi:- A well like structure is made in the low back region and the medicated oil is allowed to stay there for specified time. This procedure can be done in the neck or on the area of entire vertebral column. The name of the procedure varies according to the area of treatment.
    •  Pizhichil:- The continuous pouring of the medicated oils in a special method.
    • Dharas:- The continuous pouring of the medicated liquids for a specified time period.
    • Kizhis:- The specially made boluses are used in this treatment.

 

Above mentioned are the general treatment methods used for the condition. The treatment method varies according to the condition. The physician decides the treatment and medicines which is apt for the condition.

Along with the external treatments given above the physician may advice to undergo physiotherapy. Internal medicines are also advised along with the external treatments.

REFERENCES:-

 

Treatment Of Diabetes

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Treatment of diabetes

Before going in detail with the topic, we should understand that there are mainly 2 types of Diabetes:-

 

  • Diabetes Mellitus
  • Diabetes Insipidus

Everyone is familiar with Diabetes Mellitus. Yes, the condition in which body is affected by a group of metabolic disorders, resulting in elevated blood sugar levels.

Then, what is Diabetes Insipidus? It is entirely different from Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Insipidus is a very rare condition in which large amounts of urine is produced and the individual will experience increased thirst.

Then, why the name “Diabetes”? The word Diabetes is derived from Greek, which denotes Polyuria. Both of them are characterized by excessive urination (Polyuria) and hence the name Diabetes.

Let us discuss about Diabetes Mellitus.

DIABETES MELLITUS

Diabetes Mellitus (DM), is a group of metabolic disorders which is characterized by increased levels of blood glucose levels (Hyperglycaemia), caused by absolute or relative deficiency of Insulin. Prolonged existence of this condition may affect other organs and results in various complications. Eyes, Kidneys and Nervous system are the most affected, i.e, Diabetic Retinopathy, Diabetic Nephropathy and Diabetic Neuropathy respectively.

Insulin is produced by Pancreas that helps in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. According to the increase in blood glucose levels, the amount of insulin produced also increases. The two types of Diabetes Mellitus are discussed below:-

  • TYPE I DIABETES MELLITUS:- In this type of DM, the insulin producing cells in pancreas are destroyed by the body’s own immune system, resulting in the decreased production of insulin or no production at all.

Even though the condition can develop in any age, it is commonly diagnosed in children. Hence it was earlier called as “Juvenile Diabetes”. But now the name is not so common. Another term used is Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM).

Main symptoms are:-

  • Increased thirst
  • Fatigue
  • Increased urination (Polyuria)
  • Weight loss without cause
  • Nocturia
  • Infections

Main causative factors include:-

  • Genetic predisposition
  • Certain Viral Infections
  • Certain Foods habits like feeding Cow’s milk in early infancy etc.
  • TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS:- This type is caused either by the insulin resistance or by reduction in the production of insulin by pancreas or a combination of these two factors. Usually insulin resistance appears first later followed by the damage of pancreatic cells.

The main causes are:-

  • Genetic factors
  • Diet
  • Obesity
  • Age
  • Pregnancy

It also shows same symptoms as Type I Diabetes Mellitus, since both the types result in Hyperglycaemia.

  • GESTATIONAL DIABETES:- In this type, a woman without DM, develops diabetes during her pregnancy. Some of the risk factors of Gestational Diabetes are:-
  • PCOS
  • History of gestational diabetes in previous pregnancy
  • Family history of Type II DM
  • Overweight

Usually, this type does not show any symptoms. There are screening tests like Glucose Tolerance Test.

COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES

Main complications are:-

  • Diabetic Retinopathy
  • Diabetic Nephropathy
  • Diabetic Neuropathy

Diabetic Retinopathy:- In this the retinal layer is affected by the increased levels of blood glucose for a long period of time. The symptoms include:-

  • Seeing spots
  • Blurred vision
  • Difficult vision during night
  • Presence of a dark spot in the centre of the vision

Diabetic Nephropathy:- The uncontrolled levels in blood glucose levels affects the kidneys, which may lead to kidney failure, if not managed at correct time. Unfortunately, there are no symptoms in early stages. Later, since the kidney’s function starts to deteriorate, the individual will notice oedema in body, legs and feet.

Diabetic Neuropathy:-  

  • Peripheral Neuropathy:- Usually affects feet and legs.

Symptoms are:-

  • Numbness
  • Burning sensation
  • Tingling and Pain
  • Autonomic Neuropathy:- This usually affects the body systems, especially the digestive system. The symptoms are:-
  • Gastric irritation
  • Constipation
  • Nausea etc
  • Loss of libido
  • Urinary incontinence etc.

Also leads to the loss of vision, pain in the sides of buttocks etc.

MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT

The blood glucose levels should be kept normal. Regular exercise can help reduce the chances of developing the complications and also helps in regulating the blood glucose levels. Diet should be managed.

Ayurveda advises Panchakarma under strict supervision of the physician. There are internal medicines that help to control the diabetes. External treatments like Dhanyamla Dhara, Udwartanam, Abhyanga, Takra Dhara, Taila Dhara, Tarpana, Putapaka etc. help to manage the complications.

  • Dhanyamla Dhara:- Pouring of a specially medicated liquid, at specific temperature, all over the body, continuously.
  • Udwartanam:- Rubbing of medicated powders on the body
  • Abhyanga:- Massaging of the body with warm oils
  • Takra Dhara:- Pouring of the medicated butter milk over the body and in certain conditions on the head, or only on head.
  • Taila Dhara:- Pouring of warm medicated oils on all over the body, or on head.
  • Tarpana and Putapaka:- These are special treatments for the retinopathy

The treatment modalities change according to the condition of the patient and the physician. The physician decides the treatments, according to the condition of the patient. Regular monitoring of the diet and blood glucose levels is to be done by the physician.

Treatment Of Chronic Back Pain

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Treatment for chronic back pain

Back pain!!! Everybody might have experienced this in their life at least once in their life. That experience may be acute or chronic. There are a wide range of reasons that results in chronic back pain.

Commonly all the pains that affect the back region are termed as back pain. When we study about the causes we can classify as the back pain that affects exactly in the back and the back pain that occurs as referred pain. Let us see in detail:-

  • PAIN THAT AFFECTS EXACTLY IN THE BACK

Even this may be due to different causes. To study easily these causes are grouped under various headings.

  1. CONGENITAL:-
    • Spina Bifida:- Occurs due to the improper development of the vertebral column of the foetus.
    • Spondylolisthesis:- Caused due to the gradual slipping forward of the lumbar spine on the sacrum that occurs congenitally.
  • Hemivertebra and Split Vertebra:- Both conditions are caused due to the developmental failures.
  • TRAUMATIC:-
  • Lumbosacral Strain
  • Injuries to the intervertebral  joints, ligaments and muscles
  • Spondylolisthesis:- Caused due to the gradual slipping forward of the lumbar spine on the sacrum due to trauma.
  • Compression Fracture
  • Fracture of veretebral process (vertebral process is a structure in vertebra)
  • Ruptured disc
  • FUNCTIONAL DEFECTS:-
  • Anteroposterior Imbalance:- Caused  due to pregnancy, Pot belly etc.)
  • Lateral imbalance:– May be due to Scoliosis, discrepancy of the length of the leg etc.

Scoliosis:- The deviation of spine to one side is called as Scoliosis.

  • INFLAMMATORY:-
  • Pyogenic osteomyelitis:- This is an inflammation of bone caused by an infecting organism.
  • Tuberculosis:- In this, low back pain is usually seen in the cases where tuberculosis affect structures outside lung, e.g. Spine.
  • Arthritis:- The pain and inflammation of joints.
  • Brucellosis:- A systemic, infectious disease caused by the bacteria, Brucella.
  • Ankylosing Spondylitis:- It is a type of a arthritis in which there is long term inflammation of the joints of the spine.
  • Myositis:– Inflammation of the muscles.
  • Fibrositis:– Pain or inflammation of the muscle sheaths, muscles and connective-tissue layers of the bones, tendons, muscles and joints.
  • DEGENERATIVE:-
  • Osteoarthritis:- A type of joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone.
  • Senile Osteoporosis:– In this, the density of bone is reduced due to calcium deficiency.
  • Degenerative disc disease
  • NEOPLASTIC:-
  • Primary tumors:- e.g. multiple myeloma etc
  • Metastatic tumors:-  Such tumors from breast, bronchus, kidney, prostate, thyroid and gastrointestinal tract.
  • THE BACK PAIN THAT OCCURS AS REFERRED PAIN
  • ABDOMINAL DISORDERS:-

For example:- pancreatitis (inflammation of pancrease), cholecystitis (inflammation of  gall bladder), Peptic ulcer etc.

  • PELVIC DISORDERS:-

For example:- Inflammatory conditions of ovary or tubes etc

  • GENITO URINARY CAUSES:-

For example:-  renal infection, prostitis etc.

  • VASCULAR DISORDERS

TREATMENTS OF CHRONIC BACK PAIN

Chronic back pain is treated according to the cause. When it occurs as referred pain, corresponding disease is treated. In other cases, the underlying cause is ruled out and treatment is done accordingly.

In Ayurveda, the back pain is treated under Vata Rogas. A wide range of treatments are used to treat Vata Rogas.

  • Panchakarmas
  • Abhyangam:- The massaging of the body with medicated oils.
  • Kati Vasthi:- A well like structure is created on the lower back and medicated oil is poured and made to stay in the well for a specified time.
  • Svedana Karma:- Sudation therapy
  • Kizhi:- Boluses are made using different things like medicated powders, processed leaves, processed lemons, processed eggs, sand etc.
  • Dhanyamla Dhara:– A specially medicated liquid is made and poured all over the body.
  • Pizhichil:- Pouring of medicated oil continuously over the body.

There are a wide variety of treatments for Vata Rogas other than those mentioned above. Same treatment can be done for different diseases by changing the medicines used in it. That depends on the physician and the condition of the patient.

REFERENCES:-

  • www.wikipedia.com
  • A Concise Textbook of Surgery
  • Principles and Practice of Panchakarma

Treatment for sinusitis and migraine

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Treatment for sinusitis and migraine

SINUSITIS

This is a common condition. Sinuses are a group of air filled spaces around the nasal cavity. There are 4 groups of sinuses. The exact function of sinuses is a mystery. But they help in:-

  • Decreasing the weight of the scull.
  • Regulating the humidity and the temperature of the inhaled air.
  • Increasing the resonance of the voice.
  • Decreasing the impact of facial trauma.
  • Providing immunological defence

The inflammation of these sinuses is known as Sinusitis.  The main causes are given below:-

  • Infection
  • Allergy
  • Pollution
  • Problems in the structure of nose like Deviated Nasal Septum
  • Trauma

The above said causes may result in viral or bacterial infection resulting in the inflammatory reactions in sinuses.

The sinusitis can be categorised according to the duration of the attack and the recurrence as:-

  • Acute
  • Recurrent acute
  • Sub-acute
  • Chronic
  • Acute exacerbation of chronic sinusitis

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF SINUSITIS

  • Headache or facial pain: – Usually the pain is localized in the area of the sinus. The pain may worsen when the person bends over or while lying down. Normaly the pain affects on one side of the head and progress to the other side.
  • Nasal Discharge: – may be purulent or may contain blood.
  • Tooth ache
  • Halitosis

In severe conditions the infection may spread to the eye socket resulting in the loss of sight. In some cases it may affect the bones thus causing osteomyelitis.

MIGRAINE

Migraine is one of the major causes of head ache.

NATURE OF PAIN

  • Generally affects one half of head.
  • Pulsating
  • May last for 2 to 72 hours
  • Worsens while affected person engage in physical activity.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF MIGRAINE

There are four phases:-

  1. Prodrome – Indicates pain hours or even days before the pain manifests

This includes altered mood, fatigue, depression, irritability, and sensitivity to noise etcetera.

  1. Aura: – Disturbances in vision is caused due to severe pain. Hallucinations and delusions are associated with this phase.
  2. Pain: – Sensitivity to light, sound, smell. Nausea and vomiting is common among affected persons. Towards the end of the phase sweating and neck stiffness occurs.
  3. Postdrome: – The person feels tired, pass through cognitive difficulties.

CAUSES: –

  1. Genetics
  2. Hormonal
    1. Pregnancy
    2. Menarche
    3. Use of oral contraceptives
    4. Menstrual Irregularities
  3. Work place
  4. Mental Hygiene

TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT

SINUSITIS

  • Talam:- Medicine is applied on the scalp.
  • Nasyam:- Errhine therapy
  • Dhoomapanam:- Medicines are burnt and the smoke is inhaled.
  • Kabalam:- Holding and gargling of the medicine in mouth
  • Takradhara:- Continuous pouring of the medicated buttermilk
  • Kashayadhara:- Continuous pouring of the medicated decoctions
  • Panchakarma

MIGRAINE

  • Shiro abhyangam:- Massaging of head
  • Shiro Pichu:- Application of the medicated oil soaked in a cotton pad on scalp
  • Shiro Vasti:- A well like structure is created around the head and the medicated oil is poured in and held there.
  • Nasyam:- Errhine therapy

 

REFERENCES:-

  • Diseases of Ear, Nose and Throat-P.L.Dhingra

 

 

Treatment For Facial Paralysis

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Treatment For Facial Paralysis

Facial Paralysis has become a common problem these days. In this condition, the areas innervated by the Facial Nerve are affected or paralysed.

SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

Before the onset of the symptoms, facial pain radiating from ear may be experienced by the individuals. The Facial Paralysis is characterized by:-

  • Weakness of the face in any one side
  • Loss of sensation of taste
  • Salivation and the production of tears reduces
  • Intolerance to certain sounds

Ayurveda explains Facial Paralysis as Arditha. The symptoms and signs are explained in detail by Ashtanga Hrdaya:-

  • Involuntary movements of head
  • Difficulty in speaking and movements of eyes
  • Tremors
  • Hoarseness of voice
  • Deafness
  • Loss of sensation of smell
  • Memory loss
  • Delusion
  • Dripping of saliva through one corner of mouth
  • Drooping of one eyelid

MAIN CAUSES OF FACIAL PARALYSIS

  • Bell’s Palsy
  • Trauma
  • Tumours
  • Infection
  • Stroke

Bell’s Palsy:-

Commonly affects only one side of the face and rarely on both the sides. Bell ’s palsy is usually associated with Herpes simplex infection.

Trauma:-

Mainly temporal bone fractures cause Bell’s palsy.

Tumors:-

Development of tumors in the pathway of the Facial nerve often results in facial paralysis.

Stroke:-

Stroke is due to the poor blood circulation to the brain resulting in cell death. This also gives rise to facial paralysis.

Apart from the above mentioned common causes Diabetes Mellitus, Guillain-Barre Syndrome etc results in Facial Paralysis.

TREATMENTS:-

Ayurveda gives a clear and well-organised treatment protocol:-

  • Nasyam
  • Murdha Taila
  • Tarpana
  • Vamana
  • Siravyadha

Let us look the treatments in detail:-

  • Nasyam:- The errhine therapy. In this prescribed medicines are poured in the nostrils. It is mainly a part of Panchakarma.
  • Murdha Taila:- It includes 4 treatments, that are mainly done on scalp.:-
  • Siro Abhyanga:- Head massage using medicated oils. Indicated in Neurological Disorders, Ear and eye disorders etc
  • Siro Dhara:-  Pouring of medicated liquids like oil, decoction, buttermilk, milk etc, continuously on forehead and scalp for a specific period of time. Mainly indicated in neurological disorders, hair and scalp problems, mental disorders etc.
  • Siro Pichu:– A cotton pad or folded cloth is soaked in medicated oil and kept on the scalp for a specified time. Indicated in mainly in the disorders that affect brain, scalp and hair.
  • Siro Vasthi:- It is the most important among all. A well like structure is made around the head and oil is poured inside it. This oil is allowed to stay on scalp for specified time. It can be either done before or after the purification therapy, according to the condition of the individual. Indicated in neurological disorders, insomnia, mental disorders, sinusitis, migraine etc.
  • Tarpana:– In this procedure, a well like structure is made around the eyes and medicated oil is poured inside it. This oil is allowed to stay there for specified time.
  • Siravyadha:- Blood-letting therapy.

Even though the main treatments are the above mentioned, the physician may change the treatment protocol according to the condition of the individual. The Ayurveda allows the physician to use his/her intelligence to change the treatment methods as every individual is unique.

REFERENCES:-

  • Davidson’s Principles and Practice of Medicine
  • www.wikipedia.com
  • Ashtanga Hridaya

Treatment For Bronchial Diseases

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The Bronchus is a part of respiratory system through which the air is conducted to lungs. There are Right and Left Bronchi. Let us see about the main conditions that affect Bronchi.

  • Asthma:- It is a chronic inflammatory condition. The person may suffer from wheezing, coughing, tightness in chest, difficulty in breathing.
  • Bronchitis:- Bronchitis is the inflammation of the bronchi.
  • Bronchopneumonia:- It is the inflammation of the lungs which occurs in bronchi or bronchioles.

There are many disorders or conditions. Since here we are generally discussing about the treatment of bronchial diseases, only a few are mentioned above.

Let us see the treatment that can be done in Bronchial Conditions.

THE TREATMENT OF BRONCHIAL DISEASES

Panchakarmas and other treatments are usually done in chronic conditions. A wide range of internal medicines are available for the treatment of Bronchial diseases.

In internal treatments there are medicines that help in the:-

  • Cure
  • Prevention
  • Boosting of immunity

Many Kashayas¸ Arishtas, Lehyas, churnas etc. can be used in the treatment of various conditions. The physician prescribes medicine according to the condition of the person, disease, duration of the condition etc.

External treatments that can be used are:-

  • Snehapanam
  • Panchakarmas etc.

Every treatment and medication is decided by the physician after a thorough analysis of the person’s:-

  • Prakriti – Nature
  • Dosha Prakopa – Vitiated Dosha
  • Balam – Strength of the person and the disease etc.

Rasayana Chikitsa is administered after the cure of the condition to prevent the recurrence.

Sirovasthi

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Siro vasthi

Sirovasthi is one of the most important treatments. It comes under the Murdha Thailas, the treatments for the murdha or the head. This treatment can be done as curative and rejuvenation therapy. Moreover, the treatment has a wide range of action.

HOW SIROVASTHI IS DONE?

             In Sirovasthi, a frame made of leather is fixed around the head. It is made sure that it is leak proof. Then the medicated oil is made warm and poured into the frame. The medicated oil is allowed to stay there for specified time period. The medicated is kept at constant temperature by the therapist.

            The person undergoing the treatment is given a comfortable position to sit during the procedure. Along with that the eyes are asked to keep closed.

            After the procedure the oil and the frame is removed. The head is wiped well. The head and, shoulder, palms and soles are massaged gently. Later Rasnadi churna is applied on the forehead. The person is then allowed to take rest. Thereafter he/she can take bath in lukewarm water.

           The person should not sleep during the procedure. The person should not move or shake the head that may disturb the frame on the head.

INDICATIONS

The Sirovasthi is indicated in the following conditions:-

  • Almost all of the conditions that affect the structures above the shoulder. That includes eye diseases, ear diseases etc.
  • Mental disorders
  • Stiffness of neck
  • Lock jaw
  • Frozen shoulder
  • Hemiplegia
  • Insomnia
  • Facial palsy
  • Cervical spondylosis
  • Depression
  • Migraine etc.

Body Purification/ Sodhana Chikitsa

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Shodhana chikitsa

As the name suggests, the Sodhana Chikitsa is administered for purification of the body. By undergoing the Sodhana Chikitsa, those vitiated humors, which got accumulated in body, are expelled out. This helps in the curing of ailments, repairing the body and rejuvenating it. Ashtanga Hridaya, one of the important treatises, explains this idea in one simple slokha or verse.

“Yadeerayedbahirdoshaan………….tat II”

(Ashtanga Hridaya: Suthra Sthana: Chapter-14: Verse-5)

TYPES OF SODHANA CHIKITSA

The 5 types of Sodhana Chikitsa are:-

  1. Niruha Basti
  2. Vamana
  3. Virechana
  4. Nasya
  5. Rakta Moksha

Let us see in detail.

  1. Niruha Basti:- Also known as Kashaya Basthi. Mainly different forms of Kashayas or decoctions are administered as enemas. But it is not merely an enema. It is a systemic therapy having a wide range of therapeutic effects. This helps in the elimination of the vitiated Vata Dosha.
  2. Vamana:- Emesis therapy. This helps in the elimination of vitiated Kapha Dosha. The individual, after proper analysis, is administered with the emetic drugs at proper time.
  3. Virechana:- Purgation therapy. This helps in the elimination of the vitiated Pitta Dosha. Here too, the procedure and the selection of drugs are done after thorough analysis.
  4. Nasya:-  Errhine  therapy. Here the medicines are administered through the nose. This is usually done to eliminate doshas from sinus, throat, nose or head. Nasya is really effective in the treatment of various CNS disorders, facial palsy etc.
  5. Rakta Moksha:- Blood-letting therapy. In this method, letting out of the vitiated blood is done. This method is of two types, based on the instrument used. The first category includes methods that use surgical instruments for blood-letting. The second method includes those procedures that use alternative methods for blood-letting, eg. Leeches etc.

 

WHY SODHANA IS IMPORTANT?

           To explain the importance of Sodhana Chikitsa the Charaka Samhitha gives a beautiful example. Consider an unwanted tree or a plant. It cannot be destroyed by just destroying its branches. To destroy it completely, the destruction should be done at its root. The same is the case with the treatment of a disease too. When destroyed from the root levels the disease will not recur. This can be done with the help of Sodhana Chikitsa.

WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF SODHANA CHIKITSA?

  • Helps in removing the disease from its roots
  • Improves digestion
  • Enhanced metabolism
  • Helps in the proper action of the medicines administered
  • Improves health

Note:-

The type of Shodhana Chikitsa is chosen after a careful examination of the individual by a physician. If eligible, the physician will instruct about the routine to be followed. The individual must follow the instructions to get the best results.

REFERNCES:-

 

  • Ashtanga Hridaya
  • Charaka Samhitha
  • Susrutha Samhitha
  • Principles and Practice of Panchakarma

 

 

Rasayana Chikitsa

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rasayana chikitsa

In one word, we can define Rasayana Chikitsa as Rejuvenation Therapy. What does Ayurveda says about Rasayana.

“रसायनतन्त्रं नाम वय:स्थापनमायुर्मेधाबलकरं रोगापहरणसमर्थम् च ॥“

(Susrutha Samhitha : Suthra Sthana: Chapter:1: Verse:7)

Rasayana Tantra is that branch of Ayurveda that describes the methods of withholding ageing, increasing the life-span, intelligence, strength and immunity.

In total, the Rasayana Chikitsa helps in overall improvement of health.

WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF RASAYANA CHIKITSA?

As per Charaka Samhitha, one of the most important texts in Ayurveda, the one who undergoes Rasayana Chikitsa will obtain:-

  • Prolonged life span
  • Increased memory power
  • Intellect
  • Health
  • Youthfulness
  • Good lustre
  • Shining complexion
  • Excellent voice
  • Strong body and sense organs

Charaka Samhitha, the best treatise that teaches the treatment modalities, dedicates four parts in the very beginning of its Chikitsa Sthana, (the section that teaches about the treatments). That itself shows how the Ayurveda gives emphasis on the prevention of diseases and protection of health. Yes, “Prevention is better than cure”.

TYPES OF RASAYANA CHIKITSA

There are mainly 2 types of Rasayana Chikitsa:-

 

  • Kutipraveshika:- In this method the treatment is administered by keeping the individual inside a specially constructed cottage, without being exposed to sun and wind. In this a special cottage, with narrow ventilators are constructed as per the instructions given in the treatises. After evaluating the climate etc, the individual, enters the cottage and is subjected to purification or Shodhana Chikitsa and thereafter Rasayana Chikitsa. The Shodhana is done after evaluating the nature of the body of the individual. The administration is different formulations or drugs are done for a definite time period, in prescribed dosages.

 

 

  • Vatatapika:- This treatment can be done even if the individual is exposed to wind and sun.

 

Note:-

The Rasayana Chikitsa should be strictly done under the supervision of a physician. The formulations and dosage are to be decided by the physician only as it varies according to nature of the body of the individual.

The individual should strictly follow the instructions of the physician.

Who All Are Eligible To Undergo Rasayana Chikitsa?

Even though the physician is the one who decides whether an individual is eligible to undergo Rasayana Chikitsa, here a general list is given below:-

 

  • Kutipraveshika:-
  • Able-bodied
  • Free from diseases
  • Intelligent
  • Having self-control
  • Having enough time to spare
  • Vatatapika:-
  • All others who are not eligible for Kutipraveshika Rasayana Chikitsa.

 

As we discussed earlier, Ayurveda not only gives importance to physical wellbeing but also to mental and emotional well being. Therefore Ayurveda also describes the good conducts, that when followed, will give rejuvenation.

REFERENCES:-

  • Susrutha Samhitha
  • Charaka Samhitha

Njavara Kizhi

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njavarakizhi

Njavara Kizhi is also known as Shashtika Sali Pinda Swedam. From that term itself it is clear that it comes under the Swedanam or the Sudation Therapy.

Pinda Sweda or Kizhi is a special form of treatment formed and followed in Kerala. In this method, various medicines are used to make boluses that are packed in cloth bags and used to apply heat to the body. According to the type of bolus used the name of the Kizhi changes.

Njavara is a type of rice that has high medicinal value. The rice is cooked in medicated milk decoction. The well-cooked rice is tied in cloth as bolus. The bolus is kept warm throughout the entire procedure by dipping in medicated milk decoction.

INDICATIONS

This procedure can be done as a treatment and also for rejuvenation. Mainly done in conditions like:-

  • Neurological Disorders
  • Neuromuscular disorders
  • Degenerative disorders

CONTRAINDICATIONS

This cannot be done in:-

  • Diseases caused by Kapha Dosha
  • Conditions with oedema
  • Indigestion
  • Skin diseases
  • Heart diseases
  • Diseases related to urinary system
  • Obesity

The above said are the indications and contraindications of the Njavara Kizhi. But there are many other factors also to be considered before advising the treatment for the person. Only after a careful examination only a physician will advice the treatment.

POST-TREATMENT CARE

The person should follow the instructions given by the physician. Some of the important things to be noted are:-

  • The person should use water that was boiled and then cooled down to luke-warm temperature for bathing.
  • He/she should take medicines prescribed by the physician, if any.
  • Light food is recommended for the person.
  • The person should avoid sexual intercourse during the course of treatment or till the physician suggests.

Lepanam

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lepanam

This is a very simple treatment. But the action of the treatment is wide. Mostly the treatment is done locally and in special cases in entire body.

HOW LEPANAM IS DONE?

In Lepanam, medicated paste is made by mixing medicated powders with appropriate liquids. Depending upon the condition of the person and disease the selection of the medicines may vary. The prepared medicated paste is applied on the area or the entire body. The paste is removed after the specified time.

BENEFITS

Benefits of the Lepanam vary according to the medicine used. There are lepanams that have:-

  • Anti-inflammatory property
  • Analgesic property
  • Lepanams that help in removing pimples etc.

The action of the lepanam varies according to the medicines used for the lepanam. Therefore the person should inform the physician about his/her condition correctly.